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Maintaining Timber Windows A well-maintained window made of timber is a significant element of the historical fabric of a structure. It illustrates in varying degrees the materials and technologies as well as the craftsmanship and architectural style of the time period from which it dates. If possible, repairs should be done in-situ. The repair system that is based on resin can be used to fix the worst areas of decay without having to remove the entire window. Durability The timber windows in many historical structures were designed to last for hundreds of years. However, they do need to be maintained to keep them looking good and functioning properly. Maintenance tasks include repairs to sash cords, retightening of pulleys for sash and painting. The demand for enhancing timber windows in order to increase efficiency and energy efficiency is also increasing. This may mean replacing old glazing units, repairing the window rebates that are in place, or installing new cills to allow the air to seal better. The deterioration of paintwork is a major issue with traditional windows. This is especially important where sash windows are involved as the gaps between sashes can be very wide. In these instances water can get into the paint film and cause decay of the putty and the wood underneath. Poor weather conditions can exacerbate the decay. To avoid this, windows should be painted regularly using an exterior wood paint that is suitable. Areas that have been damaged must be repaired with resin-based products. This will ensure that the best possible amount of the original fabric is retained. It is important to minimize the number of holes that are created into the frame to allow cable entry since they can let in moisture and cause decay. The structural movement of the wall could also cause distortions in the frame as well as sash. This can result in the sash not fitting properly or sticking or jamming into the opening and broken glazing. This can be fixed frequently by putting in new sash frames constructed of slow-growing deal (pine), or oak. The cill must be constructed from a sturdy hardwood such as oak to prevent movement between the old and new work. To reduce the risk to reduce the risk of this happening, there are a variety of companies that make Boston pattern sash made of wood that will fit most existing openings. They are available in a range of sizes and finishes to meet the needs of the modern homeowner. Combined with quadruple draught strips and improved thermal insulation, these new sash can make an enormous difference to the energy efficiency of your home. Aesthetics Many old wooden windows have an excellent aesthetic value since they usually demonstrate, in a way the materials and technologies and architectural style of the time from which they originate. They may have significant historical value on their own. This is especially true for early windows that were not glazed in timber-framed structures, where the great majority were simply a series of openings in the frame that were subdivided horizontally into mullions, and vertically into iron or wood bars to deter intruders. It is crucial to maintain the appearance of traditional wooden window joinery. It is vital that any decay that results from the penetration of moisture should be stopped as soon as it is identified. It is recommended to do this with thorough painting, particularly if there is damage or degradation. It is advisable to use paints that are specifically designed to be used as part of a system (primer as well as undercoat, finish and primer) and follow the manufacturer's instructions in relation to preparation and the amount of coats required at each stage. Wet rot is a typical problem for old timber windows. The best way to stop it growing is to eliminate sections that are damaged or rotten immediately to prevent the spread of the fungus responsible for it. Replace the wood that is rotting with slow-growing deal (pine) and, when possible, the exact type of timber as the one being removed to prevent any differential movement. In the late period of the 17th century and the middle of the medieval period, glass became more affordable and plentiful so that glazed openings in timber-framed buildings gradually became sophisticated with wooden tracery moulded mullions, moulded mullions, and deep projection cills. In recent years, glazing was pinned into frames that were rebated with glazing sprigs, not lead cames. This method of glazing not only makes windows less likely to leak, but also allows for more clear glass sheets to be utilized than would have been possible otherwise without the use of lead lights. Energy efficiency Traditional timber windows offer a good energy performance due to their thickness and multi-layer construction, as well as careful attention to detailing. The large glass areas, the deep projecting cills, and the large glazing areas minimize air infiltration. With secondary glazing and draught proofing, windows can be made more efficient to increase their energy efficiency. It is crucial to remember that these measures need to be considered when it comes to the overall appearance and integrity of the original windows. It makes sense to repair or upgrade existing windows that are older rather than replacing them, especially when the improvement in thermal efficiency can be made by simple repairs. Older windows typically have a historical value that illustrates a variety of technological advances and changes in architectural tastes. The pressures to replace such windows are generally based on the assumption that the windows of the past will require replacement in the near future, but they are capable of serving for 150, 200 or even 250 years if they are properly maintained. It is important to recognise that the decay problems associated with traditional timber windows can be prevented through regular maintenance and timely repairs. Additionally it is vital to identify damp penetration problems and fix them promptly to avoid serious damage. Early paint deterioration can be a problem because it allows moisture to get into the wood, which can cause wet rot. This type of damage is typically not evident until the paintwork becomes cracking or wavy however, it can cause serious structural damage and lead to further decay. A paint of good quality will stop moisture from entering the paint. It is also important to keep the paintwork spotless in order to prevent mould and condensation. The use of modern synthetic paints could be a problem since they are typically made to be water-resistant and this may cause the growth of mildew within the window frame. The majority of older windows were constructed of sapwood-rich timber. These timbers are susceptible to deterioration rapidly if exposed to wet weather conditions, but they can be protected with an extensive preservative treatment prior to when they are used. It is important to choose the right type of wood for your location and the climate, since these factors will affect the durability of the joinery. Local window manufacturers make various types of timber sash that can be customized to fit specific openings in historic buildings. They can be made in the standard Boston pattern or in custom sizes that can be adapted to historical buildings. Maintenance Regular inspections, careful redecoration, and timely repairs can prolong the lifespan of windows made of timber. The primary cause of wood decay is moisture penetration through deteriorated paint or putty. This can be avoided with careful painting and the use of high-quality wood preservative. It is crucial that repairs to the old sash and casement windows are done correctly and completed without causing any disturbance. It is possible to fix many traditional timber window designs without taking the frame off. This should be done as often as is feasible. Remove peeling or loose paint and then lightly sand the surface to improve the “key” of the surface. This will allow the new coating to stick better. Care should be taken to avoid stripping paint layers that may have historic value and if they are present it is recommended that a study of the paint be carried out. When double glazed wooden sash windows cambridge of wood has rotted, the best solution is to take it off and replace it with timber inserts designed to match the existing profiles. The wood that is being inserted should be treated with a wood preserver and the connection between the cill for timber and the sub-cill for masonry should be sealed. Replacement of windows made of traditional PVC-u may be a tempting option, especially when the installer provides an “all-in-one” installation service that can handle removal and replacement in the span of a day. It is, however, essential that the person installing replacement windows has a complete knowledge of the structure and history of traditional wooden frames. This will allow them to make the right recommendations for energy-efficiency improvements and other technological advancements that won't affect the appearance of an historic building. The windows that are replaced should be registered under a Competent Persons Scheme like as FENSA. This will ensure that the replacements are deemed acceptable in accordance with Building Regulations as a suitable option. It is certainly possible for an experienced and skilled carpenter to install PVC-u windows that fit the style of the building originally. This is especially applicable when windows are located within conservation areas or listed buildings.